Achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), also known as MASH1, ASH1 or HASH1, is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. ASCL1 binds to the E box (5'-CANNTG-3') which then activates transcription. For efficient DNA binding, dimerization with other BHLH proteins is required. Achaete Scute proteins may also be involved in the determination of neuronal precursors in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is expressed in fetal brain and is essential for the proper development and the survival of subsets of autonomic neurons. It is highly expressed in medullary thyroid cancer and small cell lung cancer.