Anti-HRD1 Antibody from rabbit, purified by affinity chromatography

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase synoviolin (UniProt Q86TM6; also known as Synovial apoptosis inhibitor 1) is encoded by the SYVN1 (also known as HRD1, KIAA1810) gene (Gene ID 84447) in human. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase synoviolin is a multi-transmembrane ER membrane protein. Originally named Hrd1, synoviolin adopted the current name due to its upregulation in synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis as a result of exposure to inflammatory cytokines. Synoviolin plays a protective role against ER stress-induced apoptosis by mediating not only the degradation of ER misfolded proteins, but also the degradation of proapoptotic protein p53 as well as IRE1alpha (inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha), a critical kinase regulating ER stress-induced cell death. Synoviolin is produced with a signal peptide (a.a. 1-22) sequence, the removal of which yields the mature 5-transmembrane (a.a. 42-62, 99-119, 141-161, 170-190, 225-245) protein, having its N-terminal end in the ER lumen (a.a. 23-41) and C-terminal end (a.a. 246-617) in the cytoplasm. Its C-terminal cytoplasmic end contains the p53/TP53-interacting region (a.a. 236-270), an atypical RING-type zinc finger domain (a.a. 291-330), and a proline-rich region (a.a. 339-478).