Anti-Nrf2 Antibody, clone 103 clone 103, from rat

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (UniProt: Q60795; also known as Nrf2, NF-E2-related factor 2, NFE2-related factor 2, Nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2) is encoded by the Nfe2l2 (also known as Nrf-2, Nrf2) gene (Gene ID: 18024) in murine species. Nrf2 is a cap n collar basic-region leucine zipper transcription factor that is involved in adaptation of cells to oxidative stress and electrophiles. It bind to antioxidant response (ARE) elements in the promoter regions of target genes and induces a set of cytoprotective genes that are involved in the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), repair of oxidized protein thiols, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and drug metabolism. It is cytosolic under unstressed conditions, but translocates into the nucleus upon induction by electrophilic agents. Under normal unstressed conditions it is rapidly turned over in a Keap-1 dependent manner through Cul3-Rbx1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylation of Ser40 by protein kinase C in response to oxidative stress dissociates Nrf2 from its Keap-1 and promotes its translocation into the nucleus. It is widely expressed with highest expression in liver, skeletal muscle, luminal cells of the stomach and intestine, lining of the bronchi and alveoli, and in renal tubules; followed by heart, spleen, testis and brain. Nrf2 is constitutively upregulated in many tumors due to somatic mutations in the Keap1 or Nrf2 genes. Tumors overexpressing Nrf2 exhibit increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and higher rates of proliferation. (Ref.: Hayes, JD., and Ashford, MLJ (2012). Cell Metab. 16(2): 139-141).