Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (UniProt P16220; also known as cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1, CREB-1) is encoded by the CREB1 gene (Gene ID 1385) in human. CREB is a transcription factor that binds the cAMP response elements (CRE) and regulates the transcription of the downstream genes. CREB activity is regulation via phosphorylation by various kinases, including PKA, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. Genes known to be regulated by CREB include c-fos, BDNF, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptides (such as somatostatin, enkephalin, VGF, and corticotropin-releasing hormone), as well as the circadian clock genes PER1 and PER2. CREB is critical for memory formation across a wide range of species.