NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa B forms multiple homo and heterodimeric complexes, one of which is with RELA/p65. The NF-kappa-B p65 complex appears to be involved in invasin-mediated activation of IL-8 expression, as well as the inhibitor effect on I-kappa-B. Phosphorylation of p65 at serine 547 by the nuclear kinase ATM appears to repress NF-kappaB-dependent transcription of specific genes induced by genotoxic stress.