DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 (UniProt: P24928; also known as EC: 2.7.7.6, RNA polymerase II subunit B1, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit A, DNA-directed RNA polymerase III largest subunit, RNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit R
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 (UniProt: P24928; also known as EC: 2.7.7.6, RNA polymerase II subunit B1, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit A, DNA-directed RNA polymerase III largest subunit, RNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1, POLR2A) is encoded by the POLR2A (also known as POLR2) gene (Gene ID: 5430) in human. It is the largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II that catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. It has multiple Zinc and magnesium ion binding sites. The binding of ribonucleoside triphosphate to the RNA polymerase II transcribing complex involves a two-step mechanism. The initial binding seems to occur at the entry (E) site and involves a magnesium ion temporarily coordinated by three conserved aspartate residues of the two largest RNA Pol II subunits. The ribonucleoside triphosphate is transferred by a rotation to the nucleotide addition (A) site for pairing with the template DNA. The catalytic A site involves three conserved aspartate residues of the RNA Pol II largest subunit which permanently coordinate a second magnesium ion. POLR2A is localized to cytoplasm in its hypo-phosphorylated form and the active hyper-phosphorylated form is located mainly in the nucleus. The tandem heptapeptide repeats (Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7) in its C-terminal domain (CTD) can be highly phosphorylated and regulates transcription coupled processes. Phosphorylation is shown to occur mainly at serine 2 and serine 5 residues of the heptapeptide repeat and is mediated by CDK7 and CDK9. Phosphorylation can also take place at serine 7 of the heptapeptide repeat, which is required for efficient transcription of snRNA genes and processing of the transcripts. Its C-terminal domain (aa 1593-1960) serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing. The K7-residues in non-consensus repeats of human RNAPII are modified by acetylation, or mono-, di-, and trimethylation. Acetylation of K7, and di- and tri-methylation of K7 are found exclusively associated with phosphorylated CTD peptides. Monomethylated K7 is found in non-phosphorylated CTD. The monoclonal antibody (clone 1F5) is shown to recognize K7me1/2 residues in CTD. (Ref.: Voss, K., et al. (2015). Transcription 6(5); 91-101).
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 (UniProt: P24928; also known as EC: 2.7.7.6, RNA polymerase II subunit B1, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit A, DNA-directed RNA polymerase III largest subunit, RNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit R
Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6A, 6B, and 6C proteins (UniProt: Q8NDV7; Q9UPQ9; Q9HCJ0) are encoded by the TNRC6A, TNRC6B, and TNRC6C genes (Gene ID: 27327, 23112, and 57690), respectively in human. TNRC6 proteins are ubiquitously distributed
Protein argonaute-1 (UniProt Q9UL18; also known as Argonaute1, Argonaute RISC catalytic component 1, eIF-2C 1, eIF2C 1, Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C 1, hAgo1, Putative RNA-binding protein Q99) is encoded by the AGO1 (also known as EIF2
SLAM family member 7 (UniProt Q8BHK6; also known as CD2-like receptor-activating cytotoxic cells, CRACC, Leukocyte cell-surface antigen, Novel Ly9, CD319) is encoded by the Slamf7 (also known as Cs1) gene (Gene ID 75345) in murine species. CRACC/CS1
Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1 (EC 1.14.11.n2; UniProt Q3URK3; also known as CXXC-type zinc finger protein 6, Ten-eleven translocation 1 gene protein homolog) is encoded by the Tet1 (also know as Cxxc6, Kiaa1676) gene (Gene ID 52463) in murine speci
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (UniProt Q924X6; also known as ApoER2, Apolipoprotein E receptor 2, LRP-8) is encoded by the Lrp8 (also known as Apoer2) gene (Gene ID 16975) in murine species. Murine ApoER2/LRP-8 is an 110-kDa type