Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (UniProt: O14788; also known as Osteoclast differentiation factor, ODF, Osteoprotegerin ligand, OPGL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, RANKL, TNF-related activation-induced cytokine, TRANCE, CD254) is encoded by the TNFSF11 (also known as OPGL, RANKL, TRANCE) gene (Gene ID: 8600) in human. RANKL is a single-pass type II membrane protein that is found in high levels in the peripheral lymph nodes and in lower levels in the spleen, peripheral blood Leukocytes, bone marrow, heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, stomach and thyroid. Its levels are shown to be up-regulated by T-cell receptor stimulation. RANKL has a cytoplasmic domain (aa 1-47), a helical domain (aa 48-68) and an extracellular domain (aa 69-317). RANKL has been identified to affect the immune system and control bone regeneration and remodeling. RANKL is a cytokine that binds to TNFRSF11B/OPG and to TNFRSF11A/RANK. It is shown to augment the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation and is an important regulator of interactions between T-cells and dendritic cells and may play a role in the regulation of the T-cell-dependent immune response. It is shown to induce osteoclastogenesis by activating multiple signaling pathways in osteoclast precursor cells. RANKL is also reported to activate Akt through a signaling complex involving SRC kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6, which suggests a role of RANKL in the regulation of cell apoptosis. Three isoforms of RANKL have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. Defects in TNFS11 gene can cause osteoporosis, both a severe autosomal recessive form as well a benign autosomal dominant form.
Platelet glycoprotein 4 (UniProt: Q08857; also known as Glycoprotein IIIb, GPIIIB, PAS IV, PAS-4, Platelet glycoprotein IV, GPIV, CD antigen: CD36) is encoded by the cd36 gene (Gene ID: 12491) in murine species. CD36 is a multifunctional glycoprotein
RE1-silencing transcription factor (UniProt: Q13127; also known as REST, Neural-restrictive silencer factor, X2 box repressor) is encoded by the REST (also known as NRSF, XBR) gene (Gene ID: 5978) in human. REST is a transcriptional repressor that ac
Glutamate receptor 2 (UniProt P19491; also known as AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 2, GluA2, GluR-2, GluR-B, GluR-K2, GluR2, Glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2) is encoded by the Gria2 (also known as Glur2) gene (Gene ID 29627) in rat species.
RAB27B, also known as C25KG, is a member of the Rab GTPase superfamily. RAB27B acts as a lipid anchoring protein that is prenylated and works in vesicular fusion and protein trafficking within cells. The protein is most highly expressed in testis but
Fc receptor-like protein 5 (UniProt: Q96RD9; also known as FcR-like protein 5, FcRL5, BXMAS1, Fc receptor homolog 5, FcRH5, Immune receptor translocation-associated protein 2, IRTA2, CD307e) is encoded by the FCRL5 (also known as FCRH5, IRTA2, UNQ503
Fc receptor-like protein 5 (UniProt: Q96RD9; also known as FcR-like protein 5, FcRL5, BXMAS1, Fc receptor homolog 5, FcRH5, Immune receptor translocation-associated protein 2, IRTA2, CD307e) is encoded by the FCRL5 (also known as FCRH5, IRTA2, UNQ503
Endothelial protein C receptor (UniProt Q9UNN8; also known as Activated protein C receptor, APC receptor, CD201, Endothelial cell protein C receptor) is encoded by the PROCR (also known as EPCR) gene (Gene ID 10544) in human. The coagulation cascade
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, mitochondrial (EC 1.5.1.2; UniProt P32322; also known as P5C reductase 1, P5CR 1) is encoded by the PYCR1 (also known as ARCL2B, ARCL3B) gene (Gene ID 5831) in human. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR1