HAVCR1 is a trans-membrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in kidney proximal tubular cells with kidney injury. The KIM-1 ectodomain is cleaved, released into urine, and canbe quantiï¬ed as a sensitive and speciï¬c biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in rodents and humans. In a recent study it was demonstrated that HAVCR1 is released into the circulation where it reports kidney injury in mice, rats, and humans with AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Urinary HAVCR1 and MCP-1 levels, either alone or in combination, were significantly higher than those in AKI negative patients. Importantly, the combination of HAVCR1 and MCP-1 outperformed either biomarker alone.