Anti-PTEN-alpha Antibody, clone 3A4.1 clone 3A4.1, from mouse

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN (EC 3.1.3.16, EC 3.1.3.48, EC 3.1.3.67; UniProt P60484; also known as Mitochondrial PTENalpha, Phosphatase and tensin-like protein, Mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1, Mitochondrial phosphatase and tensin protein alpha, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is encoded by the PTEN (also known as 10q23del, BRRS, BZS, CWS1, GLM2, MMAC1, MHAM, TEP1) gene (Gene ID 5728) in human. PTEN is a tumor suppressor that catalyzes the removal of phosphate from phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, and phosphotyrosine residues on substrate proteins, as well as the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. PTEN plays a major role in controlling cell growth and proliferation, and PTEN gene mutains are found in a large number of cancers at high frequency. PTEN activity, stability, localization, and conformation are controlled through complex regulatory mechanisms, including the reversible phosphorylations of several Ser/Thr (S/T) residues in its unfolded C-terminal tail region (PTEN-Ctail, residues 351 403). Alternative translation start site 519 base pairs upstream of the ATG initiation sequence results in the translational variant of PTEN-alpha (PTEN-Long), including additional 173 N-terminal amino acids to the canonical 403-a.a. PTEN sequence. PTEN-Long is a membrane-permeable phosphatase secreted by PTEN-Long producing cells and can enter other cells as an exogenous PI3K signaling-inhibitory agent. PTEN-Long is reported to induce tumor cell death in vitro and in vivo.