Anti-Amyloid Beta A4 protein Antibody, clone 2D8 clone 2D8, from rat

Amyloid beta A4 protein (UniProt: P05067; also known as ABPP, APPI. APP, APP, Alzheimer disease amyloid protein, Amyloid precursor protein, Beta-amyloid precursor protein, Cerebral vascular amyloid peptide, CVAP, PreA4, Protease nexin-II, PN-II) is encoded by the APP (also known as A4, AD1) gene (Gene ID: 351) in human. Deposition of Amyloid beta (Ab) is an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer s disease (AD). Ab peptides originate from the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). APPs are cell surface protein that are internalized via clathrin-coated pits. During maturation, the immature APP (N-glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum) moves to the Golgi complex where complete maturation occurs (O-glycosylated and sulfated). After alpha-secretase cleavage, soluble APP is released into the extracellular space and the C-terminal is internalized to endosomes and lysosomes. The beta-secretase cleaves APP between residues Met671 and Asp672 and yields sAPP beta and C99. Following the beta-secretase cleavage, a second cleavage occurs at the C-terminus of Ab peptide that releases Ab from C99. This cleavage occurs in the vicinity of residue 712 of the C-terminus. The gamma-secretase can cleave the C-terminal region at either Val711 or Ile713 to produce the shorter Ab peptide (Ab1-40) or the longer Ab peptide (Ab1-42). Ab1-42 occurs more frequently and forms fibrillar aggregates far more readily than the Ab1-40 peptide. Beta-amyloid peptides are lipophilic metal chelators with metal-reducing activity. Bind transient metals such as copper, zinc and iron. In vitro, can reduce Cu2+ and Fe3+ to Cu+ and Fe2+, respectively. Abeta42 is a more effective reductant than beta-amyloid 40. From a physiological point of view, it functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. It is also involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions and can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5.