Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (EC 1.13.11.52; UniProt P28776; also known as IDO-1, indole 2,3-dioxygenase, Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase) is encoded by the Ido1 (also known as Ido, Indo) gene (Gene ID 15930) in murine species. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a heme containing enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in tryptophan catabolism to N-formyl-kynurenine. The reduction in local tryptophan and the upregulated immunomodulatory tryptophan metabolites form the basis of IDO-dependent regulation of inflammation and immunity. IDO is reported to support carcinogenesis by modulating tissue microenvironment inflammatory responses. IDO is also reported to mediate immune escape in cancer by suppressing the function of T effector cells and promote the differentiation of T regulatory cells.