Histone H4 has multiple isoform names including H4/A through H4/N, and is encoded by multiple genes in the genome named HIST1H4A through HIST1H4N/H4/A or H4FA through H4/L and HIST2H4A, HIST2H4B, and HIST4H4. Histone H4 is a critical component of chromatin and the nucleosome. Histone H4 forms a multimeric cluster with the other histone members to regulate chromatin and DNA structure within the nucleus. Histone H4 is a target of much post-translational modification including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, crotonylation (male germ cells only and marks testis specific genes) and citrullination. Acetylation of histone H4 on lysine 16 (H4-K16Ac) is the most prevalent and reversible posttranslational chromatin modification in eukaryotes for histone H4 and it and the other modifications help control chromatin structure and the protein interactions of histone H4.